Which landscape term refers to non-living elements such as pavement and walls?

The correct term for non-living elements in landscape design, such as pavement and walls, is hardscape. Hardscape refers specifically to the built environment elements that are integrated into a landscape, providing structure and functionality. This includes materials like concrete, brick, stone, and wood that create pathways, patios, walls, and other installations that are not living components like trees or plants.

In contrast, softscape refers to the living aspects of a landscape, such as plants, trees, and flowers. Streetscape focuses more on the design and features of streets, including sidewalks, lighting, and street furniture, which may incorporate both hardscape and softscape elements but is specific to streetscapes. The broad term landscape encompasses both hardscape and softscape and does not specifically address the non-living components alone. Hence, hardscape is the precise term that accurately describes non-living elements in landscape design.