Which philosophy of architecture emerged in the early 20th century, emphasizing functional requirements and harmony with the environment?

The philosophy of architecture that emerged in the early 20th century and emphasizes functional requirements along with harmony with the environment is Organic Architecture. This approach is characterized by the idea that buildings should be integrated into their surroundings and reflect the natural forms and elements around them. Pioneered by architects such as Frank Lloyd Wright, Organic Architecture focuses on the relationship between structures and their environment, promoting designs that are harmonious with nature.

This philosophy also prioritizes the needs of the inhabitants, ensuring that the functionality of the space aligns with human use while respecting ecological considerations. This approach was a departure from more traditional styles that often imposed strict forms and aesthetics without regard to the natural world.

In contrast, other architectural styles mentioned, such as Beaux-Arts, which is marked by grandeur, classical detail, and symmetry, do not inherently address environmental harmony or functionalist principles. Similarly, Sustainable Architecture, while it shares some concerns with Organic Architecture over ecology and environment, became more prominent later and encompasses a broader range of strategies and technologies. Art Nouveau, on the other hand, is known for its decorative arts and organic forms but lacks the strong emphasis on functionality that defines Organic Architecture.